A differential unit has axially aligned helically toothed output gears of different diameters to provide an unequal division of the input torque, in meshing relationship with two sets of intermediate gears which mesh together and are rotatable on axes parallel to the output gear axis. It is used to transmit the power from the driveshaft to the drive wheels. Download full seminar topics for automobile engineering in doc, pdf or ppt format. Requirement transfers power from driveshaft to the wheels provides final gear reduction splits amount of torque going to each wheel allow the. Thus the power is directly transmitted to the axle and hence to the wheels. This will considerably reduce the power loss in some occasions when unwanted loss is. If a product is of generic type, such as gasoline or sugar. The differential is found on all modern cars and trucks, and also in many allwheeldrive fulltime fourwheeldrive vehicles. Identify the parts and the functions of different types of drive lines. Objectives each unit is based on objectives that state the measurable unit and specific behavioral or performance objectives that the student is expected to achieve. Its main function is to allow the drive wheels to turn at different rpms allowing the wheels to go around corners while still receiving power from the engine.
Introduction to automotive technology v components i. Torque is supplied from the engine, via the transmission, to a drive shaft british term. In most cars, the differential is where the engine torque goes through its. Rear universal jointa flex joint that connects the drive shaft to the differential yoke. The basic parts of a differential is introduced first. Differentials open, locked, limited slip, edl, quattro. Instead of the surplus energy of the vehicle being wasted as unwanted heat, the motors act as generators and return some of it to the overhead. Car differential massachusetts institute of technology. If youve read how car engines work, you understand how a cars power is generated.
Procedure involved in disassembly of differential unit is also. The rear axle and differential is attached to automobile frame via springs. A spiral bevel pinion gear takes its drive from the end of the propeller shaft, and is encased within the housing of the final drive unit. I simplified it greatly as there may be more than 2.
On rear wheel drive vehicles the differential may connect to halfshafts inside an axle housing. All of the systems listed above have been impacted by the introduction of electronics. The power developed by the engine is transferred to the wheels through clutch, gear box, universal joints, propeller shaft, final drive, differential and rear axles. A front wheel drive car basically doesnt have a normal input shaft, but everything else is the same. Differential lock is a device to join both half axles of the tractor so that even if one wheel is under less resistance, the tractor comes out from the mud etc as both wheels move with the same speed and apply equal traction. A study on vehicle differential system international journal of. Rudolph ackermann of germany invents a fourwheel steering system for. Differential mechanical device 1 differential mechanical device a cutaway view of an automotive final drive unit which contains the differential input torque is applied to the ring gear blue, which turns the entire carrier blue, providing torque to both side gears red and yellow. By locking the differential the differential is disengaged from the axle. It consists of two bevel gears sun gear and two bevel gears planet gear. Techaees arai automobile differential unit differential gear ratio straight turning 14. It is used in almost all mechanized fourwheel vehicles. Rear yokeholds the rear universal joint and transfers torque to the gears in the rear axle assembly.
The power from the gear box comes through the propeller shaft and is given to the differential. Differentials and drive axles study notes purposes of a drive axle assembly to transmit power from the drive shaft to the wheels to turn the power flow 90degrees on rwd cars to allow the wheels to turn at different speeds while cornering rwd live axle components rear axle housing holds all other components and attaches to the vehicles suspension. Differential relays high impedance differential relay highimpedance differential relays are typically used for bus protection. This is the reason for a device known as a limited slip differential or traction control.
Differential is an arrangement of gears which work together and allow the vehicle to take a turn smoothly. Vehicles usually have engines which are fuel injectedicinternal combustion and are controlled by an ecuelectronic control unit. Are you looking for differential unit in automobile ppt. Vehicle travelling straight input torque is applied to the ring gear, which turns the entire carrier, providing torque to both side gears, which in turn may drive the left and right wheels if the resistance at both wheels is. This paper deals with the study and experimentation of differential locking system.
In the differential, bevel pinion gear is fixed to the propeller shaft which rotates the crown wheel. Provide means of connection and disconnection of engine with rest of power train without shock and smoothly. Enable power transmission at varied angles and varied lengths. Introduction the objective conditions of vehicle travel require that its wheels move. One is driven by a shaft from the engine, the other drives a shaft to the differential unit and drive axles. To prevent skidding in a curve the wheel on the outside of the curve has to turn faster than the wheel on the inside because it has to travel a greater distance in the same amount of time as the inner wheel.
A car differential is placed halfway between the driving wheels, on either the front, rear, or both axes depending on. The gears of one set of intermediate gears mesh with concentric internally and externally. Understand basic service and repair of a differential. From differential the power is distributed to the wheels. Keywords differential, etc, lsd, traction, differential system. To allow the wheels to turn at different speeds while cornering.
Differential mechanical device 1 differential mechanical device a cutaway view of an automotive final drive unit which contains the differential input torque is applied to the ring gear blue, which turns the entire carrier blue, providing torque to both side gears red and yellow, which in turn may drive the left and right wheels. Differential unit repairs and failures data 20092015 sn vehicle model. Automobile differential unit a mechanical gear assembly unit which provide different speedtorque to same axle wheels by. In one way, it receives one input and provides two outputs this is. In automobile and other wheeled vehicles, the differential allows the outer drive wheel to rotate faster then the inner drive wheel during a turn. Description of universal joints, propeller shaft, final drive, differential and rear axles has been given in this unit. Chapter 11 drive lines, differentials, drive axles, and power train. Regenerative braking system is the way of slowing vehicle by using the motors as brakes. Failure assessment of differential unit of automobile. Construction and working of a differential in automobile. A car differential is placed halfway between the driving wheels, on either the front, rear, or both axes depending on whether its a front, rear, or 4wheeldrive car. Get details of differential unit in automobile ppt.
Our complete family of products includes automatic limitedslip, automatic locking and electronic selectable locking differentials. By m kautam prasanto815121 s rajiv kumar0815140 sai prashant k 0815146 differential a differential is a device, usually employing gears it is capable of transmitting torque and rotation through three shafts. The engine, clutch, gear box, propeller shaft and simple differential are being used from last years have some limitations as todays lifestyle is. Differential pinion gears walk around slower side gear.
Procedure involved in disassembly of differential unit is also explained. Study on classification of differential system in automobile ijraset. Pdf on apr 22, 2007, nilton raposo and others published design of the differential unit for the 20062007 pace vehicle find, read and cite. How to care for your cars differential popular mechanics. We collected most searched pages list related with differential unit in automobile ppt and more about it. An automobile differential gear system capable of establishing an appropriate differential motion between the right and left driving axles of an automobile so that the automobile is able to run smoothly along a curve where the right and left driving axles are required to be driven at different revolving rates respectively. A differential unit comprises a differential carrier 12 supported in a housing 1 for rotation. Chapter 11 drive lines, differentials, drive axles, and. Three common types of automotive drive shaft universal joints are used on rear. Understand the different types of universal and constant velocity joints. Automatic differential unit locking system report download synopsis the proposed mechanism is to lock the differential. Then solutions for common problem in differential unit.
This was produced on a budget but its purpose is to explain the concepts and not be a pixarb. A differential is a mechanical device made up of several gears. Therefore, an automobile is a selfpropelled vehicle. A problem with an automotive differential is that if one wheel is held. This article will explain differentials where the power, in most cars, makes its last stop before spinning the wheels the differential has three jobs. Automatic differential unit locking system report download. How a differential works and types of differentials youtube. Differentials open, locked, limited slip, edl, quattro the open differential thats more or less the diagram of the inside of differential for a rear wheel drive car. A limitedslip differential lsd is a type of differential that allows its two output shafts to rotate at different speeds but limits the maximum difference between the two shafts in an automobile, such limitedslip differentials are sometimes used in place of a standard differential, where they convey certain dynamic advantages, at the expense of greater complexity. This article presents a design and performance analysis of an electronic differential ed system designed for light electric vehicles. What is the main function of differential in an engine of. Because the objectives of the unit provide direction. The evolution of these electronics has been so rapid that a book automotive fundamentals. Mohan, s, 2000 the sparkignition unit, which gives fast.
This can be problematic when one wheel does not have enough traction, such as when it is in snow or mud. These allwheeldrive vehicles need a differential between each set of drive wheels, and they need one between the front and the back wheels as well, because the front wheels travel a different distance through a turn than the rear wheels. Differential helps in turning the drive wheels at different rpm while the vehicle takes a turn. In automobiles and other wheeled vehicles, the differential allows the outer drive wheel to rotate faster than the inner drive wheel during a turn. Automobile differential unit explained with the types and general maintenance. Thus, a locking mechanism, or limited slip differential allows one wheel to slip or spin freely while some torque is delivered to the other wheel hopefully on dry land. Automobile chassis and body engineering pdf automobile. Objectives after studying this unit, you should be able to.
One problem with an automotive differential is that if one wheel is held stationary, the counterpart wheel turns at twice its normal speed as can be seen by examining the complete scheme of automobile differential. A differential is a gear train with three shafts that has the property that the rotational speed of. Manufacturing of simple differential locking system. Working of a differential is explained in a logical and illustrative manner in this animated video.
How stuff works, mechstuff automobile, construction of differential, differential, differential animation, gears, how differential work, pdf, ppt, turning, working of differential, working principle. The differential is the powerdividing unit in general form it is a. Therefore, distance between differential and gear box keeps on. The crown wheel has another unit called the differential unit. Here we present a simplified explanation of how and why an automobile differential works. If youve read how car engines work, you understand how a car s power is generated. Final drive is a gear reduction unit in the power trains between the differential. The differential is a component in all cars and is designed to compensate for the difference in distance the inner wheels and outer wheels travel as the car goes around a corner. Describe the principles of the limited slip differential. Bus protection is an application that demands many sets of cts be connected to the relays. A differential unit sometimes called the diff is a very special mechanism designed to feed the engines torque to the driving wheels. If one of the wheels attached to a differential decides to hit some ice, for example, it slips and spins with all of the speed the differential has to distribute. A fourwheel drive automobile has a driving system which includes a transversely oriented engine unit, a transmission having input and output shafts which extend transversely of the car body, an interaxle differential gear mechanism, front and rear interwheel differential gear mechanisms, and a differential gear lock mechanism. This is necessary when the vehicle turns, making the wheel that is traveling around the outside of the turning curve roll farther and faster than the other.
Provide a varied leverage between the engine and the drive wheels provide means to transfer power in opposite direction. The gear train in an automobile differential is a common application of gears, but often misunderstood by the lay public. Automobile differential gear system nippondenso co. Pdf automotive differential dynamics marco barreto academia. Another important unit in the power train is the differential, which is driven by.
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